WRRC1, Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, Methylomicrobium album BG8, and Methylomonas denitrificans FJG1 – grown on either methane or methanol, at three different concentrations, with either ammonium or nitrate provided as nitrogen source. Here, we demonstrate the variable growth outcomes of five diverse methanotrophic strains – Methylocystis sp. Successful implementation in industrial settings relies upon efficient growth and bioconversion, and the optimization of culturing conditions for these bacteria remains an ongoing effort, complicated by the wide variety of characteristics present in the methanotroph culture collection. They can, however, be consumed as a feedstock by bacteria known as methanotrophs, which can serve as useful vectors for biotransformation and bioproduction. Methane, a potent greenhouse gas, and methanol, commonly called wood alcohol, are common by-products of modern industrial processes. The review aims to provide both industry and academia with necessary knowledge for the successful design, operation and optimisation of STF-μRs. Different applications of STF-μR for generating a variety of end products were discussed and their system performance was compared against those of conventional (or commercialised) reactors. This study presents a review of previous studies on STF-μR, starting with fundamental mechanisms, through applications in a range of chemical/chemistry processes, and closing with aspects relating to scaling-up for full commercialisation. Recently, the slurry Taylor flow based microreactor (STF-μR) in which the liquid flow is segmented by a series of gas bubbles or liquid droplets has become particularly popular due to their unique features such as Taylor recirculation inside both dispersed and continuous phases, advanced three-phase contacts, and plug flow condition with low pressure drop and minimal back-mixing. Microreactors with millimetric internal dimensions offer precise control over temperature, flow and reaction, providing excellent system performance in terms of overall mixing, transport of heat and material, and chemicals conversion, whilst preventing thermal degradation or explosive evolution. Considering the time and cost efficiency of the immobilization process and the possibility of capacity expansion, such a system is of great potential for industrial application. The immobilized enzyme also showed better stability over a wider pH and temperature range than the free enzyme. The space-time yield of the microbioreactor was 19.91 g L−1 h−1, while the highest achieved biocatalyst productivity was 5.4 mg mgenzyme −1 h−1. The microbioreactor with co-immobilized cofactor showed similar performance with and without the addition of exogenous PLP, suggesting that the addition of PLP is not required during the process. After 10 days of continuous operation, 92% of the initial productivity was retained and no leaching of PLP or enzyme from the hydrogel was observed. The enzyme and cofactor were retained in a porous copolymeric hydrogel matrix formed in a two-plate microreactor with an immobilization efficiency of over 97%. We believe that this technical approach will confidently find its place in the toolbox of practicing chemical reaction engineers.Ī microbioreactor was developed in which selected amine transaminase was immobilized together with the cofactor pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) to allow efficient continuous transamination. performance in a microscale-based bioreactor design and evaluating the balance of characteristic times associated with each technology. The feasibility and usefulness of this novel tool is demonstrated by considering a microbial biochemical reaction process performed in a traditional bioreactor vs. Time Scale Analysis & Characteristic Times is a technical approach germane to process improvement, where it facilitates the discovery of areas in need of process intensification. Details related to the development and the origin of Characteristic Times are presented in Part I of this paper Jovanovic et al. Transport rates, reaction kinetics, and phase contacting can be easily represented by unique time constants, which facilitate understanding and representation of these processes via the ‘heat-map tableau’ of Characteristic Times. enzymes or microbial species), and plant flow-sheet diagrams of chemical processes. Time-Scale Analysis and Characteristics Times are suggested as a novel and useful tool for analyzing the performance of microscale-based bioreactors with immobilized bioactive material (e.g.
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